martes, 24 de mayo de 2016

EL DAGUERROTIPO

Guayaquil, 12 de mayo de 16
FOTO-PERIODISMO
MAYI ZAMBRANO
EL DAGUERROTIPO



Fue el primer proceso fotográfico que se inventó en la historia (1835).
En la cámara se introduce una placa de cobre bañada en plata y se
obtiene un registro positivo, que se revela posteriormente con vapores
de mercurio.
El daguerrotipo, construido por Louis Daguerre en 1839, es un invento
precursor de la fotografía moderna. Fue además un puente entre la
cámara negra creada por Johann Zahn y retocada por Joseph-
Nicéphore Niépce, y la cámara de objetivo del alemán Joseph Petzval,
también conocido como Jozef Maximilián Petzval. Las publicaciones del
momento dieron a conocer el nuevo aparato a la sociedad, pero supuso
sobre todo una revolución en el mundo de la información ya que
permitió cubrir el seguimiento de la Guerra de Crimea y de la Guerra de
Secesión estadounidense.
A finales del año 1840 se habían conseguido tres progresos técnicos en
el daguerrotipo. En primer lugar, se consiguió una lente hasta 22 veces
más brillante. Además, se aumentó la sensibilidad de las placas ante la
luz al ser recubiertas por sustancias halógenas (aceleradores o
sustancias rápidas), con lo que el tiempo de exposición se redujo.
Finalmente, las placas se doraron para enriquecer los tonos.
El daguerrotipo es un proceso por el cual se obtiene una imagen en
positivo a partir de una placa de cobre recubierta de yoduro de plata.
Tras ser expuesta a la luz, la imagen latente se revelaba con vapores de
mercurio, que da como resultado una imagen finamente detallada con
una superficie delicada que debe protegerse de la abrasión con un
cristal y sellarse para evitar que se ennegrezca al entrar en contacto
con el aire.
En el daguerrotipo la placa de cobre se recubre con plata y se pule
hasta que parezca un espejo. Luego se sensibiliza a la luz mediante
vapores de yodo. Pronto se descubrieron mejoras como agregar
bromuro que aceleraba la exposición hasta 60 veces. Los progresos
posteriores fueron más dramáticos hasta que se cambió totalmente de
método. Aunque otras prácticas como el colodión húmedo también
eran engorrosas, los tiempos de exposición se acortaban aún más.
Eventualmente se logró una sensibilidad suficiente como para congelar
el movimiento, posibilidad que aprovechó Eadweard Muybridge para
sus históricas fotografías de movimiento.
Debido a que pronto se evolucionó hacia otras técnicas más rápidas y
baratas, la daguerrotipia original tuvo una vida relativamente corta.
Arturo Talavera explica que el daguerrotipo “Aún tiene mucho para dar.
Antes no lo entendían como lo hacemos hoy, como un recurso estético
o como algo más de propuesta conceptual: lo vieron como negocio,
Daguerre lo entendió como un negocio. Además era un proceso caro.”
El daguerrotipo tuvo una vida relativamente corta: de 1839 a 1855 y
luego fue sustituido por ambrotipos y ferrotipos. Así que el
daguerrotipo como tal no fue suficientemente explorado en todas sus
posibilidades estéticas. “Se ha revalorado el daguerrotipo y estamos
haciendo mejoras que en su momento no pudieron desarrollarse”
abunda don Arturo mientras revisa las placas de los participantes en el
Taller.
La daguerrotipia evolucionó con una rapidez inusual gracias a que el
gobierno francés compró la patente y la liberó de inmediato para que
cualquier pudiera utilizar (y sobre todo mejorar) la técnica. En tan solo
tres años el proceso de Daguerre se encontraba presente en los cinco
continentes.
El daguerrotipo tenía muchas ventajas: impresionante nivel de detalle y
la posibilidad de ofrecer al público un retrato a un tiempo mucho
menor y con un costo sensiblemente más bajo al de uno realizado por
un pintor. Sin embargo crearlos era laborioso y había un obstáculo
importante: requería tiempos de obturación muy prolongados que

obligaban al sujeto a posar inmóvil durante decenas de minutos.

The book Getting to yes apply to Tv show SUITS

The book Getting to yes apply to Tv show SUITS





The book Getting to yes is a very interesting book , In my opinion is one of the most amazing publication i had read about negotiation is a mix of differing point of views, so this makes more realistic and easy to understand but what i think is the best part of this book , is that it can be compared with the american top tv show Suits . This serie have all of what negotiation means and how this discipline is related with the lecture . At the very beginning you can saw how the characters in their dialogue interact and all the time they been negotiated and showing each other what are they interest , all the characters have speech intelligence so it's not easy that one convince the other because they are hard bargainers and they use all the techniques that the lecture have about how to have a good negotiation and how is important a fluent conversation . In my opinion everyone who sees Suits need to read Getting to yes because it would understand the complex characters of the serie especially Harvey Specter the best example of the essential of the book and how he applied the techniques shown on the tv serie


Harvey Specter doesn’t involve his emotions in the cases because he maintains that winning is the main goal and the emotions can be a big distractor. In a negotiation, particularly in a bitter dispute, feelings may be more important than talk. Emotions on one side will generate emotions on the other. Fear may breed anger, and anger, fear. Emotions may quickly bring a negotiation to an impasse or an end. That’s why Harvey Specter said that he is against emotions but not against using them in his favor. As a lawyer, he recognizes the emotions, reactions and gestures.

Harvey and Mike build a good working relationship; he has accepted that the other side personally really does help. He seems as a very good negotiator, even he is known as the best closer in the country, he look forward, not backwards. Negotiation is a process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching a joint decision. Communication is never an easy thing, even between people who have an enormous background of shared values and experience. Harvey seems to have a lot of experience in his job, and he is transfering all to Mike.

It is true thаt fοr hаving negοtiаtiοn yοu hаve tο be smаrt if yοu wаnt tο аpprοаch whаt yοu wаnt. fοr whаt we see οn the prοgrаm it’s the аbilities tο find it а wаy ,enοrmοus the memοry аlsο plаy а impοrtаnt rοle here. the pdf аlsο tаlk аbοut finding new wаys οf finding sοlutiοns espοusing οur needs telling whаt we wаnt nοt hаving аll the infοrmаtiοn in the hаnd οf everybοdy. tο exаmine yοur prοblem there аre times thаt yοu might need the οpiniοn οf аn expert they hаd tο knοw аbοut the prοblem аnd а pοssible sοlutiοn. in the first episοde а prοblem wаs nοrmаlly hаrd tο sοlve but he try tο frаctiοnаte the prοblem tο mаke smаller аnd аlsο mοre mаnаgeаble units. Indentify shаred interest аlsο mаke аpprοаches between а negοtiаtiοns inventing аn ideа which meets shаred interest is gοοd fοr yοu gοοd fοr them. οne time they hаd а prοblem bοth were invοlve if οne tаlks the οthers suffer аnd if the οther suffer he wοuld tаlk. peοple generаlly аssume thаt difference between twο pаrties creаte the prοblem. yet different cаn аlsο leаd tο а sοlutiοn. аsk fοr their preferences. in the cаse dοvetаil interest tο invent severаl οptiοns equаl аcceptаble tο yοu аnd аsk οther side which they prefer

Any good negotiator must establish certain strategies to make a business, in this case we can show that Harvey use varies such as: the bottom line which tries to keep in mind if I'm a buyer a ceiling that I am willing to pay for something . And if a vendor the minimum price they would be willing to receive to deliver a good or service. Another strategy that used Harvey is the "BATNA" for its acronym in English (Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement) which relates to the subject that moves to Harvey to negotiate, that is the benefit to the result of negotiations with their bosses, clients and colleagues. The "BATNA" examines whether the result gives us negotiate something is better than not having negotiated. The better prepared this our "BATNA" that person no matter whether we face is a person with many influences or economic power, the greater may be the benefit we get to negotiate with them. That is why the time Harvey confronts Jessica Gerald in front of his boss, does not show the fear and act with complete security and confidence. These are the attitudes that demarcates a good negotiator.

At this point it is important to understand the rules of negotiation and how to difference them from bargaining. We have to be able to recognize a tricky situation in a negotiation, raise the given problem explicitly and be able to figure out its legitimacy. In this particular case we must try to stop the personal attacks because they are going to impair our judgment or effort to be able to complete successfully the negotiation.

Regarding the first episode previously stated we found that throughout the episode we aren't in front of a negotiation but rather bargaining. There are lots of personal attacks from the lawyers in order to make people feel scared and to interfere with their ideas. In the cases portrayed on the show we found situations in which one of the parties lose a lot without taking into consideration the huge gain from the other party. In terms of the two clients that appeared on the show, both of them were bullied into agreements they didn´t wanted, but were their best choice.

We can actually pinpoint the precise moment when bargaining took place in the show and the worst part about this, is how unfair they were to those people. The first episode of Suits showed hard bargaining and dirty tactics which actually worked in terms of what Harvey Specter was looking for.

In the case of the TV series we were able to clearly tells us that there was a clean negotiation but rather a brazen haggling. Harvy is a very convincing man through tactics.

Each party has different standards of what is fair and what is not. Fears will continue throughout the talks until they reach an agreement. Care must be taken to protect the interests, their own and those of the parties involved. In the TV show Harvy Specter was interested only in their own convenience.

Totally disinterested on the expectations of their coworkers and dilemma. It should be kept peer relationships very closely, since they will be to provide a hand if you need it at some point. Some people have interpreted the admonition "Separate the people from the problem" to mean sweep people problems under the rug.

That is emphatically not what we mean. People problems often require more attention than substantive ones. The human propensity for defensive and reactive behavior is one reason so many negotiations fail when agreement would otherwise make sense. In negotiation, you ignore people issues — how you are treating the other side — at your peril.

The more clearly you understand the other side's concerns, the better able you will be to satisfy them at minimum cost to yourself. Look for intangible or hidden interests that may be important. With concrete interests like money, ask what lies behind them. ("For what will the money be used?") Sometimes even the most firmly stated and unacceptable position reflects an underlying interest that is comparative with your own.

Global politics in Regional integration - limits, scopes, challenges.